Verbs

 Verbs: The Definitive Guide in english to hindi

Sure, here's a guide to understanding verbs in English and their Hindi equivalents:

 

Definition: A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.

Hindi Equivalent: क्रिया (kriya)

 

Types of Verbs:

Action Verbs: 

Action verbs, also known as dynamic verbs, are used to describe an action or activity that a subject is performing or doing. In English, action verbs can be used in different tenses to indicate when the action is taking place, such as present tense, past tense, and future tense.

 

Here are some examples of how action verbs are used in English:

 

She runs every morning. (present tense, "runs" is the action verb)

He ate breakfast an hour ago. (past tense, "ate" is the action verb)

They will be hiking in the mountains this weekend. (future tense, "will be hiking" is the action verb)

In Hindi, action verbs are also used to describe an action or activity that a subject is performing or doing. Hindi verbs change their form based on the subject, tense, and aspect, and can have different endings depending on the gender of the subject. Hindi also has different verb forms for formal and informal speech.

 

Here are some examples of how action verbs are used in Hindi:

 

वह हर सुबह दौड़ती है। (She runs every morning. The verb दौड़ती is the present tense action verb.)

उसने एक घंटे पहले नाश्ता किया था। (He ate breakfast an hour ago. The verb किया था is the past tense action verb.)

वे इस वीकेंड पहाड़ों में हाइकिंग करेंगे। (They will be hiking in the mountains this weekend. The verb करेंगे is the future tense action verb.)

Hindi Equivalent:

 

Action Verbs: 

कर्म क्रिया (karm kriya)

Sure, here are some common action verbs in English with their Hindi equivalents and examples:

 

Run - दौड़ना (daudna) - She runs in the park every morning.

Walk - चलना (chalna) - They walk to school every day.

Eat - खाना (khana) - I eat breakfast every morning.

Drink - पीना (peena) - He drinks coffee in the morning.

Read - पढ़ना (padhna) - She reads a book before going to bed.

Write - लिखना (likhna) - He writes a letter to his friend every week.

Sing - गाना गाना (gana gana) - They sing songs at the party.

Dance - नाचना (nachna) - She dances to the music.

Play - खेलना (khelna) - We play soccer in the park.

Jump - कूदना (koodna) - The kids jump on the trampoline.

I hope this helps you understand some common action verbs in English and their Hindi equivalents.

Linking Verbs: 

संयोजक क्रिया (sanyojak kriya)

Linking verbs, also known as copular verbs, are used to connect the subject of a sentence to a noun, pronoun, or adjective that describes or renames the subject. In English, the most common linking verb is "to be," but there are other verbs that can function as linking verbs, such as "seem," "become," and "appear."

 

Here are some examples of how linking verbs are used in English:

 

She is a doctor. (the linking verb "is" connects "she" to the noun "doctor")

The weather seems nice today. (the linking verb "seems" connects "weather" to the adjective "nice")

He became angry when he heard the news. (the linking verb "became" connects "he" to the adjective "angry")

In Hindi, linking verbs are also used to connect the subject of a sentence to a noun, pronoun, or adjective that describes or renames the subject. However, unlike in English, Hindi does not have specific linking verbs. Instead, verbs such as होना (hona) - to be, लगना (lagna) - to seem, and नज़र आना (nazar aana) - to appear are used to perform this function.

 

Here are some examples of how linking verbs are used in Hindi:

 

वह डॉक्टर है। (She is a doctor. The verb है is used to link "she" to the noun "doctor.")

आज मौसम अच्छा लग रहा है। (The weather seems nice today. The verb लग रहा है is used to link "weather" to the adjective "nice.")

उसे खुशी नज़र आ रही थी। (He appeared happy. The verb नज़र आ रही थी is used to link "he" to the adjective "happy.")

Auxiliary Verbs: 

सहायक क्रिया (sahayak kriya)

Auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs, are used in English to form different tenses, moods, and voices. They are used with a main verb to provide additional information about the action or state being expressed. In English, there are three main auxiliary verbs: "be," "have," and "do."

 

Here are some examples of how auxiliary verbs are used in English:

 

She is studying for her exam. (present continuous tense, "is" is the auxiliary verb)

They have finished their homework. (present perfect tense, "have" is the auxiliary verb)

Do you like pizza? (present tense, "do" is the auxiliary verb used to form a question)

In Hindi, auxiliary verbs are not commonly used in the same way as in English. Instead, verb conjugation is used to indicate the tense, mood, and voice. However, Hindi does have some auxiliary verbs that are used to modify the main verb or provide additional information, such as:

 

होना (hona) - to be

जाना (jana) - to go

आना (ana) - to come

चाहिए (chaahiye) - should/ought to

Here are some examples of how auxiliary verbs are used in Hindi:

 

वह पढ़ रहा है। (He/She is studying. "रहा है" is used to indicate present continuous tense, with "है" being the auxiliary verb)

उन्होंने होमवर्क कर लिया है। (They have finished their homework. "कर लिया है" is used to indicate present perfect tense, with "लिया है" being the auxiliary verb)

क्या आप पिज्जा पसंद करते हैं? (Do you like pizza? "करते हैं" is used to form a question, with "करते" being the auxiliary verb)

Verb Tenses:

Present Tense: 

Expresses actions currently happening or general truths

Past Tense: 

Expresses actions completed in the past

Future Tense: 

Expresses actions that will happen in the future

Present Perfect Tense: 

Expresses actions completed in the recent past with a connection to the present

Past Perfect Tense: 

Expresses actions completed before another past action or time

Future Perfect Tense: 

Expresses actions that will be completed before a specific future time

Hindi Equivalent:

 

Present Tense: वर्तमान काल (vartaman kal)

Past Tense: भूत काल (bhoot kal)

Future Tense: भविष्य काल (bhavishya kal)

Present Perfect Tense: वर्तमान पूर्ण काल (vartaman pooran kal)

Past Perfect Tense: पूर्वकालीन पूर्ण काल (poorvakaleen pooran kal)

Future Perfect Tense: भविष्यात्मक पूर्ण काल (bhavishyatmak pooran kal)

Verb Mood:

Indicative Mood: 

States a fact or asks a question

Imperative Mood: 

Gives a command

Subjunctive Mood: 

Expresses doubt, hypothetical situations, or suggestions

Hindi Equivalent:

 

Indicative Mood: निश्चयवाचक विधि (nishchayvachak vidhi)

The indicative mood is the most commonly used mood in English. It is used to make statements of fact, express opinions, and ask questions. In English, the indicative mood is formed by using the base form of the verb in simple present tense, simple past tense, or present perfect tense, depending on the context.

 

For example:

 

She is a doctor. (indicative mood in present tense)

They went to the park yesterday. (indicative mood in past tense)

He has lived in New York for five years. (indicative mood in present perfect tense)

In Hindi, the indicative mood is expressed by conjugating the verb according to the tense and person. The indicative mood is the default mood in Hindi, and it is used to make statements of fact, express opinions, and ask questions, similar to English.

 

For example:

 

वह एक डॉक्टर है। (He/She is a doctor.) (indicative mood in present tense)

वे कल पार्क गए थे। (They went to the park yesterday.) (indicative mood in past tense)

उसने पांच साल से न्यूयॉर्क में रहा है। (He/She has lived in New York for five years.) (indicative mood in present perfect tense)

Note that in Hindi, the verb endings change based on the tense and person, while in English, the indicative mood is formed by using the base form of the verb with auxiliary verbs to create different tenses.

Imperative Mood: आदेशात्मक विधि (adeshatmak vidhi)

The imperative mood is used in English to give commands or make requests. It is formed differently from other moods, and usually does not include a subject. The imperative is commonly used in daily communication, both in formal and informal situations.

 

In English, the imperative is formed by using the base form of the verb, without "to". For example:

 

Please sit down. (imperative mood)

Don't touch that! (imperative mood)

Open the window, would you? (imperative mood)

In Hindi, the imperative mood is expressed using the "हो" (ho) verb form, which is equivalent to the second person singular and plural forms of the present tense. For example:

 

बैठो। (Sit down.) (imperative mood)

वह मटका मत छूना। (Don't touch that pot!) (imperative mood)

खिड़की खोलो, क्या? (Open the window, would you?) (imperative mood)

Note that in Hindi, the imperative is formed using the present tense, but the verb form is different from the regular present tense conjugation. Also, the imperative mood in Hindi usually includes the subject in the form of a pronoun.

Subjunctive Mood: संभवनात्मक विधि (sambhavnatmak vidhi)

Sure, here's an explanation of the subjunctive mood in English and its equivalent in Hindi:

 

The subjunctive mood is used in English to express hypothetical or contrary-to-fact situations, desires, suggestions, doubts, and emotions. It is formed differently from the indicative mood, which is used for factual statements.

 

In English, the subjunctive is most commonly seen in sentences that begin with "if" or "whether," as well as in expressions of doubt, necessity, or suggestion. For example:

 

If I were you, I would go to the doctor. (subjunctive mood)

She demanded that he leave the room immediately. (subjunctive mood)

It is important that he be here on time. (subjunctive mood)

In Hindi, the subjunctive mood is expressed using the optative mood, which is used to express a wish, a suggestion, or a hypothetical situation. It is formed by adding the particle "-e" to the verb stem. For example:

 

अगर मैं आपकी जगह होता, तो मैं डॉक्टर के पास जाता। (If I were you, I would go to the doctor.)

वह चाहती थी कि वह तुरंत कमरे से निकल जाए। (She demanded that he leave the room immediately.)

यह महत्वपूर्ण है कि वह समय पर यहां हो। (It is important that he be here on time.)

Note that while the optative mood in Hindi is similar in function to the subjunctive mood in English, the two are not always interchangeable, and their usage can vary depending on the context.

I hope this guide helps you understand verbs in English and their Hindi equivalents.